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Battle of Cádiz (1669)
On 18–19 December 1669,〔Sources differ as to the date on which this action took place. Hollar's eyewitness account indicates the 18th-19th of December, and some sources concur, but others suggest the 8th or the 28th.〕 a battle took place in the waters near Cádiz between the English fourth-rate frigate ''Mary Rose'' under the command of Rear-Admiral John Kempthorne, escorting several merchantmen, and a group of seven pirate ships operating out of Algiers. The incident was recorded and drawn by the engraver Wenceslaus Hollar, with an engraving appearing in John Ogilby's ''Africa''.
The action occurred while the ''Mary Rose'' was returning from a diplomatic mission to Mulay Rashid (referred to as "Tafiletta" in early English sources), the sultan of Morocco, that had been conducted by Lord Henry Howard, with Hollar accompanying him in order to complete some drawings and maps of Tangier that he had begun some years earlier. The frigate was towing a merchant ship, the ''King David'', that Kempthorne had recaptured from Barbary pirates, and was accompanied by five other vessels. The convoy encountered a group of seven pirate ships on the 18th December 1669, with six attacking the ''Mary Rose'' while one pursued the ''King David'' that Kempthorne had cut loose. The pirates withdrew as night fell, resuming their attack on the morning of the 19th. Despite the ''Mary Rose'' sustaining damage to all three masts, she held off the attack, and the pirates withdrew, capturing only the ''King David''. After repairs at Cádiz the ''Mary Rose'' returned to England in April 1670, and Kempthorne was knighted for "his very great valour".〔 A version of Hollar's engraving of the battle was done by Willem van de Velde the Younger.
==Background==
The ''Mary Rose'', a fourth-rate frigate of the English Royal Navy〔Brian Lavery, ''The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850'', Conway Maritime Press, 2003, p160"〕 carrying forty-eight guns,〔 conveyed Lord Henry Howard, with an entourage of 70 attendants and £4000 in gifts, to Tangier in 1668〔 or 1669.〔〔 The visit was on the order of Charles II to negotiate a commercial treaty with the sultan of Morocco, Al-Rashid, also known as "Tafiletta". The engraver Wenceslaus Hollar formed part of the expedition on his own request to finish drawings of Tangier he had started when he accompanied Howard's grandfather on a similar mission in 1636. The meeting with Mulay Rashid was delayed for eleven months and ended up not taking place at all;〔 then, according to Hollar, Howard obtained a "Letter of Security" from Mulay Rashid and "purposd himself" to "go by Land, and the Ship by Sea to Salee" from where they "set Sail on Wednesday the eighth of the said Month at two a clock in the morning".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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